Topic outline
Grade 9 & 10
TOPIC OUTLINE
- ENGLISH
- MATHEMATICS
- SCIENCE
ENGLISH TOPIC
ENGLISH | ||||
Strand | Unit | Grade 9 Topics | Grade 10 Topics | |
1. Reading |
Reading for All Purposes: Key Ideas and Details
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• Identify strong and thorough textual evidence • Research strategies • How theme is developed in the text – Textual organization • Characterization – Complex characters |
• Textual evidence • Content analysis • Thematic analysis • Factors affecting language use. |
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Craft and Structure
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• Contextual Meanings – Figurative and connotative meaning • Author’s choices concerning how to structure a text • Comparing and contrasting different point of views |
• Interpreting contextual meanings • Text structure and cohesion • Meanings contained in points of view |
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Integration of Knowledge and Ideas
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• Analyse the representation of a subject • Analyse argumentative text • Analyse increasingly complex text • Thematic analysis |
• Evaluating text types • Interpreting complex text • Evaluating contextual arguments • Thematic analysis |
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Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity |
• Critical reading • Evaluation and understanding of texts types and their Functions • Make sense of multiple perspective and pluralistic views |
• Small letters • Critical reading • Interpreting multiple perspectives |
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2. Writing |
Text Types and Purposes
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• Elements of narrative texts • Narrative techniques • Composing plots of texts • Writing informative essay • Essays, editorials, journals, brochures • Composing an informative essay • Argumentative essay – Identifying topics and ideas • Argumentative essays – Writing the body |
• Narratives (Descriptive words and phrase) • The conclusion • Informative essay (Precise grammar and vocabulary) • Informative essay (Style and tone) • Informative essay (Writing a conclusion) • Argumentative essay (Supporting details) • Argumentative essay (Vocabulary usage) • Argumentative essay (Style) • Argumentative essay (Conclusion) |
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Production and Distribution of Writing
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• Developing main ideas and subordinate ideas • Study of writing process 1 • Study of writing process 2 – Introduction, Body, Conclusion • Study of writing process 3 – Writing Practices • Study of writing process 3 – Writing Practices |
• Argumentative essay (Conclusion) • Writing rubrics – Paragraph development. • Writing a final draft • Writing process – Parts of essay • Writing process – Referencing • Publishing writing products • Analysis of source material |
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Research to Build and Present Knowledge
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• Research • Writing survey reports • Research – Gathering information from different sources • Writing research report • Research • Research – Validating information |
• Note – Taking – Validating information • Synthesizing information • Writing research report • Research for evidences |
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Range of Writing |
• Writing portfolios 1 – Appropriate grammar • Writing portfolios |
• Research – Validating argumentative statements • Writing portfolios |
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3. Listening | Oral Instructions Comprehension |
• Effective listening – Discourse markers • Oral speeches, story-telling, play recordings. • Instructions and procedures |
• Active listening • Multi-step directions • Listening and comprehending: Song lyrics |
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Identify Main Ideas and Supporting Details of Spoken English
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• Listening techniques – Main ideas • Listening techniques – Supporting details |
• Listening for details • Main idea-Simple expository information • Main idea-Simple oral presentation |
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Determine Speaker Attitude and Point of View Comprehend the Meaning of Oral Academic and/or Specialized Vocabulary Making Inferences and Predictions |
• Non-verbal communication • Making inferences • Academic vocabulary I • Specialized vocabulary I • Academic vocabulary II • Simple predictions I • General predictions • Inferences and predictions |
• Non-verbal communication- Body language • Analysing non-verbal communication • Specialized vocabulary • Literal meanings • Cognates • Figurative meanings
• Simple predictions –Spoken material • Predictions-Extended material • Inferences |
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4. Speaking |
Fluency and Pronunciation
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• Speech/Oral messages • What is a conversation? • Identifying main ideas of longer, routine messages |
• Understanding spoken instructions • Steps in writing an effective speech |
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Speaking Using Appropriate Grammar and Vocabulary
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• Identifying main ideas of longer, routine messages • Main ideas and supporting details of simple fiction |
• Identifying details of brief, routine messages • Purpose of simple expository Information • Identifying main ideas of simple oral presentations |
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Speaking for Varied Purposes, Both Informal and Formal
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• Identifying formal and informal language • Body language in oral messages • Identifying the speaker’s tone and attitude |
• Interpreting body language • Formal and informal language • Oral presentation |
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Comprehension and Collaboration |
• Defining academic vocabulary using context clues • Defining specialized vocabulary using context clues • Identifying high-frequency academic vocabulary |
• Specialised vocabulary in context • Literal and non-literal meanings • Using cognates to comprehend new vocabulary • Figurative meanings and idiomatic phrases |
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5. Communication | Interpretive Listening |
• Extended speech • Critical listening |
• Underlying meaning – literal and figurative • Language use and meaning |
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Interpretive Reading
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• Viewpoints • Making predictions and inferences • Newspaper article analysis • Main ideas and supporting details |
• Literary & technical styles for complex text • Point of views • Content relevance • Understanding idiomatic expressions |
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Interpersonal Communication |
• Conduct interviews in role play/fluency in communication • Connect and express ideas in conversation • Justify to persuade |
• Impromptu speech • Interpersonal communication |
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Presentational Speaking
Presentational Writing |
• Short oral presentation • Explain viewpoints of an issue • Impromptu speech • Expressing Ideas clearly • Write well-organized piece of writings (Summaries) |
• Basic research skills • Narration (Describing reactions) • Synthesizing information • Using quotations and expressions in writing • Timed writing • Persuasive essay • Creative writing |
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6. English Grammar |
English Grammar
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• Parallel structure. • Semicolons, conjunctive adverbs and independent clauses • Colon • Spelling |
• Phrases and clauses • Conjunctions • Hyphens. • Editing own work using all conventions of spelling |
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Knowledge of Language |
• Reading and comprehension • Written composition – Personal experience |
• Reading comprehension • Editing using a style manual |
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Vocabulary Acquisition and Use |
• Vocabulary usage • Using contextual clues to determine meanings • Parts of speech (and sentence elements) • Figurative language • Different types of figures of speech (euphemism, oxymoron) • Nuances • Writing skills |
• Contextual clues to interpret meanings • Conventions of pronunciation • Inferred meanings checked against context clues • Figurative language • Figures of speech (euphemism, oxymoron) • Nuances • Writing Skills – Essay (Argumentative) |
MATH TOPIC
STRAND | CHAPTER & TOPIC |
1. Number, Operation and Computation |
Chapter 1.1 Number & Operation · Use and represent factors, multiples, primes, composites, in various forms and situations. · Calculate fractions, decimals and percentages and their conversions. · Solve problems involving ratio and proportions between quantities.
Chapter 1.2 Estimation · Estimate a reasonable solution to a problem using rounding and estimation and recognize their limitations through calculation methods. · Interprets very small and very large units of measurement, uses scientific notation, and rounds to significant figures
Chapter 1.3 Directed numbers · Use appropriated rules of directed number and mixed operations to solve authentic problems. · Explain the concepts of negative and positive numbers using various representation.
Chapter 1.4 Indices and surds · Performs operations with indices · Determine the relationship between square numbers and square roots and solve related problems. · Performs operations with surds
Chapter 1.5 Ratio and proportion · Apply ratios, proportions and percent to represent the relationship between two quantities · Recognises direct and indirect proportion, and solves problems involving direct and indirect proportion
Chapter 1.6 Rates · Investigate very small and very large time scales and intervals. · Explain representation of tables and graphs of rates. · Solve problems with rates and interpret related graphs
Chapter 1.7 Exponentials · Add, subtract, multiply, and divide numbers with positive and negative exponents. · Solve problems involving square root, cube root and so on. · Use the definition of logarithm to establish and apply the laws |
2. Geometry, Measurement and Transformation |
Chapter 2.1 Perimeter, Area and Surface Area · Calculates the perimeter and area of plane figures and composite shapes · Calculates the surface areas of prisms, cylinders, cones, pyramid, spheres and related composite solids
Chapter 2.2 Volume · Applies formulas to calculate the volumes of composite solids composed of prisms, cylinders, cones, pyramids, spheres and related composite solids
Chapter 2.3 Geometry · Explain the concepts of parallel lines, perpendicular lines, angles, and angles sum of polygons · Use the enlargement transformation and the conditions for triangles to explain similarities and solve problems. · Perform transformations including reflections, rotation and translation and describe the size, position and orientation of the resulting shapes. · Investigate angles formed by chords and tangent of a circle.
Chapter 2.4 Properties of Geometrical Figures · Describes and applies the properties of similar figures and scale drawings · Calculates the angle sum of any polygon and uses minimum conditions to prove triangles are congruent or similar · Proves triangles are similar, and uses formal geometric reasoning to establish properties of triangles and quadrilaterals
Chapter 2.5 Circle Geometry · Applies deductive reasoning to prove circle theorems and to solve related problems
Chapter 2.6 Trigonometry · Investigate and Apply the Pythagorean Theorem to solve problems · Investigate sine, cosine and tangent ratios for a given angle in right‐angled triangles. · Apply trigonometry to solve right‐angled triangle problems. · Solve right‐angled triangle problems including those involving direction and angles of elevation and depression. · Establish the sine, cosine and area rules for non-right-angled triangle and solve related problems
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3. Patterns and Algebra |
Chapter 3.1 Financial Mathematics · Apply the skills of managing money in authentic situations · Demonstrate the concepts of simple and compound interest · Solve problems involving simple interest and compound interest even by using appropriate digital technologies · solves financial problems involving earning, spending and investing money
Chapter 3.2 Number Patterns · Represent a variety of patterns, including recursive patterns, with tables, graphs, words and symbolic rules. · Identify and Apply appropriate mathematical formulae to find values of various patterns. · Solve various problems on number patterns.
Chapter 3.3 Algebraic Techniques · Simplifies algebraic fractions, and expands and factorises quadratic expressions · Selects and applies appropriate algebraic techniques to operate with algebraic expressions
Chapter 3.4 Equations · Solves linear and simple quadratic equations, linear inequalities and linear simultaneous equations, using analytical and graphical techniques · Solves complex linear, quadratic, simple cubic and simultaneous equations, and rearranges literal equations
Chapter 3.5 Linear Relationships · Determine the slope and equation of a line when given the graph of a line, two points on the line, or the equation of the line. · Determines the midpoint and length of an interval · Uses the gradient-intercept form to interpret and graph linear relationships · Apply and interpret linear relation modeling practical situations.
Chapter 3.6 Linear and quadratic equations · Solve simple linear and quadratic equations using a range of strategies. · Describe, interpret and sketch parabolas. · Explore the connection between algebraic and graphical representations of relations such as simple quadratics and straight lines using digital technology as appropriate.
Chapter 3.7 Equations and Inequality · Solve linear simultaneous equations, using algebraic and graphical techniques including usage of digital technology. · Investigate and solve single variable equations and inequalities using rational numbers and use number line to graph the solutions. · Solve and sketch linear and quadratic inequalities with two variables using algebraic methods, manipulative or models.
Chapter 3.8 Polynomials · Recognises, describes and sketches polynomials, and applies the factor and remainder theorems to solve problems
Chapter 3.9 Logarithms Uses the definition of a logarithm to establish and apply the laws of logarithms
Chapter 3.10 Functions and Other Graphs Uses function notation to describe and sketch functions |
4. Statistics and Probability
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Chapter 4.1 Data and statistics · Explore data by constructing stem and leaf plots, box plot and comparing sets of data. · Analyse and interpret data using mean, median, mode, range and frequency · Calculate and analyse the measure of dispersions. · Design a study, collect data, and select the appropriate representation to make conclusions and generalizations.
Chapter 4.2 Probability · Compute simple probabilities using appropriate methods such as lists and tree diagrams or through experimental or simulation activities. · Identify complementary events and use the sum of probabilities to solve problems. · Describe events using language of ‘at least’, exclusive ‘or’ (A or B but not both), inclusive ‘or’ (A or B or both). · Calculate probabilities for simple events under different relationships, including independent events, dependent events, with replacement and without replacement procedures. |
SCIENCE TOPIC
STRAND |
UNIT & TOPIC
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Grade 9 |
Grade 10 |
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1. Science as inquiry |
Unit 9.1 Scientific Tools and Technology – Science Journal – Balances, Scales and Pulleys – Microscope – Scientific Research Skills |
Unit10.1 Scientific Tools and Technology – Lab Report – Scientific Calculator – Telescope – Scientific Research Skills |
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Unit 9.2 Measurement and Accuracy – International System of Units (SI) – Telling Locations – Controls and variables – Using mathematical functions in science – Importance of hypothesis and or misconceptions in science classes |
Unit10.2 Measurement and Accuracy – Scientific Notations – Telling Time and Space in Relation to Natural Phenomena – Geological Maps – Sources of Error – Using Mathematical Functions in Science – Theories that can be proven as Mistaken or Fraudulent |
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Unit 9.3 Classifying Organisms – Kingdoms of Living Things – Classification of Plants – Classification of Animals |
Unit 10.3 Classifying Organisms – Reproductive System – Inherited Traits – Transferring Genetic Information |
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Unit 9.4 Cell Structure and Function – Plant Cell and Animal Cell Structures – Cell Division in Plants and Animals – Cell Transportation in Plants and Animals (Diffusion & Osmosis) – Photosynthesis and Respiration – Tissues and Organs in Plants and Animals |
Unit 10.4 Cell Structure and Function – Tissues in Plants and Animals – Organs in Plants and Animals – Circulatory System – The Musculoskeletal System – Nervous System – Endocrine System |
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Unit 9.5: Interactions and Relationships in the Environment– Food Chains and Food Webs – Plant and Animal Adaptations – Species, Population and Habitats |
Unit 10.5 Interactions and relationships in the environments – Cycles in the Biosphere – Earth’s Ecosystems – Biodiversity and Succession |
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3. Physical Science |
Unit 9.6 Matter and Energy– Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter – Acids, Bases, and their Applications – Forms and Transformation of Energy – Energy and Work – Atoms, Elements and Compounds – The Periodic Table |
Unit 10.6 Matter and Energy – Solubility – Heat Transfer and Thermal Conductivity of Materials – Systems and the Law of Conservation of Energy – Chemical Reactions and Equations – Elements and Chemical Bonds – Work and Simple Machines |
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Unit 9.7 Force and Motion– Common Forces and their Characteristics – Forces and Effects – Newton’s First and Second Laws of Motion – The Buoyant Force |
10.7 Force and Motion – Balance and Unbalance Forces – Newton’s Second and Third Laws of Motion – Fluid Force |
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Unit 9.8 Waves, Electricity and Magnetism– Nature and Properties of Waves – Interaction of Waves with Matter – Properties of Sound – Light as Energy – Electric Charges and Forces – Magnets and Magnetic Field |
Unit 10.8 Waves, Electricity and Magnetism – Mechanical Waves – Electromagnetic Waves – Sound Waves – Properties of Light – Electrical Current and Circuits – Magnets and Electric Current |
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4. Earth and Space |
Unit 9.9 Our Earth– The Earth’s Structure – The Earth’s Atmosphere – Waters, Seas/Oceans and Currents – Weathering and Erosion – Evidence of Our Past |
Unit 10.9 Our Earth – The Rock Cycle – Minerals and Fossil Fuel – Natural Hazards – Causes and effects of Plate Tectonics |
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Unit 9.10 Weather and Climate– Local/PNG Weather Systems – Climates and Seasons |
Unit 10.10 Weather and Climate – Global Weather Systems |
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Unit 9.11 Space Science– Earth, Moon and Sun – The Eclipses – The Sun and the Planets |
Unit 10.11 Space Science – The Solar System and Beyond – Space Equipment, Usage and Functions |
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